WHERE HAS ALL THE POWER GONE? ENERGY PRODUCTION AND LOSS IN VOCALIZATION.

Human voice production for speech is an inefficient process in terms of energy expended to produce acoustic output. A traditional measure of vocal efficiency relates acoustic power radiated from the mouth to aerodynamic power produced in the trachea. This efficiency ranges between 0.001 % and 1.0 % in speech-like vocalization. Simplified Navier-Stokes equations for non-steady compressible airflow from trachea to lips were used to calculate steady aerodynamic power, acoustic power, and combined total power at seven strategic locations along the airway. A portion of the airway was allowed to collapse to produce self-sustained oscillation for sound production. A conversion efficiency , defined as acoustic power generated in the glottis to aerodynamic power dissipated, was found to be on the order of 10%, but wall vibration, air viscosity, and kinetic pressure losses consumed almost all of that power. This sound, reflected back and forth in the airway, was dissipated at a level on the order of 99.9 %.