YC3.60-Based Imaging Analysis on Calcium Level in Cotton Cells.

Calcium ion (Ca2+ ) is a core regulator of cell functions in response to many developmental and environmental stimuli. A hallmark for Ca2+ signaling is the change of this ion in cells. Fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based Ca2+ sensors provide a powerful tool for qualitatively and quantitatively measuring cytosolic Ca2+ level. Using YC3.60, one of those sensors, we have imaged cytosolic changes of Ca2+ in cotton fibers during the initiation stage. In this chapter, the imaging method is described in detail. The description is not limited to fiber cells but also examples leaf trichomes and protoplasts of cotton.