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Homeostatic maintenance of non-structural carbohydrates during the 2015-2016 El Niño drought across a tropical forest precipitation gradient.

Plant, Cell & Environment 2018 December 12
Non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) are essential for maintenance of plant metabolism, and may be sensitive to both short- and long-term climatic variation. NSC variation in moist tropical forests has rarely been studied, so regulation of NSCs in these systems is poorly understood. We measured foliar and branch NSC content in 23 tree species at three sites located across a large precipitation gradient in Panama during the 2015-2016 El Niño to examine how short- and long-term climatic variation impact carbohydrate dynamics. Across all sites, leaf NSCs increased over diurnal time-periods. There was no significant difference in total NSCs as the drought progressed (leaf p=0.32, branch p=0.30), nor across the rainfall gradient (leaf p=0.91, branch p=0.96). Foliar soluble sugars decreased while starch increased over the duration of the dry period, suggesting greater partitioning of NSCs to storage than metabolism or transport as drought progressed. There was large variation across species at all sites, but total foliar NSCs were positively correlated with leaf mass per area, while branch sugars were positively related to leaf temperature and negatively correlated with daily photosynthesis and wood density. The NSC homeostasis across a wide range of conditions suggests that NSCs are an allocation priority in moist tropical forests.

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