The risk of mediastinitis and deep sternal wound infections with single and bilateral, pedicled and skeletonized internal thoracic arteries.

Bilateral internal thoracic artery (BITA) grafting may prolong survival in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) patients, but its use has been curtailed due to concerns of deep sternal wound infections (DSWI) resulting in mediastinitis. This article examines the association of single internal thoracic artery (SITA) and BITA grafting and the role of harvesting techniques with the development of DSWI in CABG patients. The development of DSWI following BITA grafting is multifactorial and is independent of the harvesting technique.