Advances with extended and controlled release formulations of antiepileptics in the elderly.

INTRODUCTION: As a matter of course, elderly people are more sensitive to both the pharmacological and toxicological effects of pharmacotherapy. A senior's treatment, therefore, requires more attention compared to younger adults. Extended release (ER) formulations of anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs) have been developed to improve safety, efficacy and long-term adherence. In senior patients, ER AEDs are used to treat epilepsy, psychiatric conditions, and neuropathic pain. However, very limited clinical evidence is available on the use of these ER AEDs in these populations.

AREAS COVERED: The authors of this paper have identified clinical studies of ER AED formulations used in elderly populations through literature searches looking, both, at their use in epileptic and non-epileptic indications. Additionally, immediate release (IR) and ER formulations of AEDs were compared whenever possible.

EXPERT OPINION: The broad use of ER AED formulations in elderly patients with swallowing problems is limited by the fact that ER AED tablets (or capsules) must not be cut, crushed or chewed. The only exception is the ER formulation of valproate or topiramate which can be mixed with soft food. Although, the ER formulations of AEDs seem better tolerated than the IR equivalents, a possibility of numerous interactions with drugs prescribed for other reasons must be carefully considered.