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Respiratory syncytial virus F and G proteins core fragments fused to HBsAg-binding protein (SBP) induce Th1 dominant immune response without vaccine-enhanced disease.

International Immunology 2018 November 21
The induction of a dominant Th2-type response is the main cause of harmful inflammation in respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccines trials. A balanced Th1 versus Th2 immune response is needed for a safe and effective RSV vaccine. In this study, we evaluated the potential of a recombinant protein SBP-FG as vaccine candidate with main focus on shifting the harmful Th2 response to Th1 response. SBP-FG consists of epitopes from RSV fusion (F) and attachment (G) proteins conjugated to the N-terminal of HBsAg-binding protein (SBP). SBP-FG induced significantly stronger immune responses assessed at the level of total IgG, IgA and neutralizing antibodies as compared to formalin inactivated-RSV (FI-RSV) and live RSV. Analysis of IgG isotypes, lungs cytokines and T helper cells showed that SBP-FG induced dominant Th1-type response. Further, SBP-FG immunized mice showed significantly reduced lungs eosinophilia, reduced viral replication in lungs after challenge infection and provided protection against RSV infection. These results suggest that SBP-FG can be developed into a safe and effective vaccine against RSV. However, more studies are required to further evaluate SBP-FG as a potent vaccine candidate against RSV.

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