Flipped Classroom Use in Veterinary Education: A Multinational Survey of Faculty Experiences.

Active teaching approaches such as the flipped classroom are linked to better quality student learning outcomes across healthcare disciplines, with the potential to support students' preparedness for practice. In the flipped classroom instructional approach, students engage in significant pre-class preparation to learn foundational knowledge and skills, then undertake instructional activities in the classroom which require them to integrate, apply and extend their learning to new contexts. This study reports the results of a multinational survey of flipped classroom use in veterinary education. Participants' (n = 165) familiarity with and extent of use of the flipped classroom technique were investigated, together with the teaching strategies used and the perceived benefits and barriers to implementation. Relationships between respondent characteristics and flipped classroom use were also explored. The results indicated that 95% of participants were familiar with the flipped classroom technique, although fewer (64%) used it in their teaching. Pre-class activities included reviewing online and printed material, and engaging in preparatory learning activities such as quizzes, case analyses, reflective assignments and group activities. A variety of active learning strategies were used in class, including discussions, presentations, quizzes, group activities, problem solving and laboratory/practical exercises. Most participants perceived that the flipped classroom technique benefited student learning, with some also identifying benefits for the faculty involved. A range of student-, faculty- and institution-related barriers to implementing the flipped classroom technique were identified. These barriers need to be addressed by teachers and administrators seeking to improve students' preparedness for practice by implementing flipped classrooms in veterinary education.