Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor from Anthocleista vogelii Leaf Extracts.

BACKGROUND: Anthocleista vogelii (Planch) is used in folk medicine in conditions related to inflammation and oxidative stress.

AIM OF STUDY: The leaf extracts were investigated for their bioactive constituents in our quest for novel compounds for the management of neurodegenerative diseases.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Anthocleista vogelii crude leaf extract obtained from 80% methanol was successively partitioned with n-hexane, dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and n-butanol. This gave four solvent fractions of the crude extract. These fractions and isolated compound were subjected to acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activity test using the microplate assay method. The structure of the isolated compound was determined using spectroscopic methods (1D and 2D NMR and MS).

RESULTS: The results of the acetylcholinesterase inhibitory assay revealed that n-buOH and ethyl acetate fractions had the best activity with IC50 of 564.58 ± 1.08 and 727.63 ± 76.71µg/mL respectively. Activity directed fractionation of each of these fractions led to the isolation of the same compound identified as a C-glucosylflavone; isovitexin-7-O-methyl ether (swertisin). This rare C-glucosylflavone co-exist as two rotamers and exhibited duplication of NMR signals. It is reported from this plant for the first time. Swertisin displayed better acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity with IC50 of 32.09 ± 0.11µg/mL than physostigmine (eserine) with IC50 of 56.09 ± 0.01µg/mL used as a standard.

CONCLUSIONS: This study reports isolation and characetrization of a rare C-glycosylflavone; isovitexin-7-O-methyl ether (swertisin). Isolated compound exhibited duplication of NMR signals and better acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity than eserine used as a standard. The activity exhibited by this compound suggests that it could be useful in the management of neurodegenerative diseases.