Cultural influences on the processing of social comparison feedback signals - An ERP study.

This study investigated cultural differences regarding social connectedness in association with social vs. non-social comparison feedback. We performed electroencephalography in 54 Chinese and 49 Western adults while they performed a time estimation task in which response-accuracy feedback was either delivered pertaining to participants' own performance (non-social reference frame) or to the performance of a reference group (social reference frame). Trait interdependence and independence were assessed using a cultural orientations questionnaire. Applying a principal component approach, we observed divergent effects for the two cultural groups during feedback processing. In particular, Feedback-Related Negativity (FRN) results indicated that non-social (vs. social) reference feedback was more salient/motivating for Chinese participants, while Westerners showed the opposite pattern.The results suggest that Chinese individuals perceive a non-social context as more salient than a social comparison context, possibly due to their extensive experience of social comparisons in daily life. The reverse pattern was found in Western participants, for whom a social comparison context is less common, and presumably more salient. The cultural differences in neural responses to social vs. non-social feedback might be caused by culturally diverse cognitive traits as well as by exposure to culturally defined behaviour on a systemic level - such as the education system.