Investigation of common chemical components and inhibitory effect on GES-type β-lactamase (GES22) in methanolic extracts of Algerian seaweeds.

This study aimed to investigate the total phenolic content (TPC), the identification of the common compounds by HPLC-ESI-MS and HPLC-ESI-MS-TOF and the inhibitory effects against class A-type β-lactamase (GES-22 variant, produced recombinantly) in methanolic extracts (MEs) of four Algerian seaweeds [Ulva intestinalis, Codium tomentosum, Dictyota dichotoma and Halopteris scoparia]. The TPC varied among the four species, ranging between 0.93 ± 0.65 and 2.66 ± 1.33 mg GAEs/g DW. C.tomentosum had higher total phenol content than other seaweeds while, all of them inhibited uncompetitively GES-22 activity in a dose-dependent manner. Nitrocefin was used as chromogenic substrate to evaluate the inhibitory effect on GES-22. The methanolic extract of D.dichotoma exhibited significant inhibitory effect on GES-22 (IC50  = 13.01 ± 0.046 μg/mL) more than clavulanate, sulbactam and tazobactam (classical β-lactam inhibitors) (IC50  = 68.38 ± 0.17 μg/mL, 52.68 ± 0.64 μg/mL, and 29.94 ± 0.01 μg/mL, respectively). IC50 of the other ME of U.intestinalis, C.tomentosum, and H.scoparia were 16.87 ± 0.10 μg/mL, 16.54 ± 0.048 μg/mL, and 25.72 ± 0.15 μg/mL, respectively. Except H. scoparia, other three seaweed extracts showed almost two times or more inhibition on GES-22. Furthermore, four common compounds in these MEs were identified, α-linolenic acid (C18:3ω3), linoleic acid (C18:2ω6), oleic acid (C18:1ω9), the eicosanoid precursors ''arachidonic acid'' (C20:4ω6). Baicalein (C15H10O5) was identified in U.intestinalis and D.dichotoma seaweeds. The fact that all seaweed extracts inhibited the GES-22 better than commercial samples makes these seaweeds candidate for discovering new inhibitors against β-lactamases. Besides that, they contain important components with potential health benefits.