Ultrafast Excited-State Dynamics of Ligand-Field and Ligand-to-Metal Charge-Transfer States of CuCl 4 2- in Solution: A Detailed Transient Absorption Study.

Ultrafast excited-state dynamics of CuCl4 2- in acetonitrile is studied by femtosecond broadband transient absorption spectroscopy following excitation of the complex into all ligand-field (LF or d-d) states and into the two ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT) states corresponding to the most intense steady-state absorption bands. The LF excited states are found to be nonreactive. The lowest-lying 2 E LF excited state has a lifetime less than 150 fs, and the lifetimes of the second (2 B1 ) and the third (2 A1 ) LF excited states are 1 and 5 ps, respectively. All three LF states decay directly into the ground 2 B2 state. Such significant differences in excited-state decay time constants were rationalized computationally through time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) computations. TD-DFT mapping of the relaxation pathway along the symmetric Cl-Cu-Cl umbrella bending vibration gives evidence for a conical intersection between the 2 E excited state and the ground 2 B2 state. The LMCT states decay within 200 fs with the primary deactivation mode consistent to be Cu-Cl stretch. A fraction of the CuCl4 2- complexes excited into the LMCT states undergoes ionic dissociation to form products that survive longer than 1 ns. The remaining fraction undergoes internal conversion, which can be viewed as back electron transfer, populating the lower vibrationally hot LF states. The LF states populated from the LMCT states exhibit the same lifetimes as the Franck-Condon LF states and likewise decay directly into the ground state.