Did you know How the cardiovascular system achieves its high efficiency as a compound irrigation device and why this is relevant to future cardiovascular studies.

Historically, some important concepts that help explain the power saving character of the circulatory system have been raised. About 2000 years ago, Greek physician Galen surmised that the arterial pulse propagates directly through the tunics of the arteries. Otto Frank first proposed arterial resonance in 1899. In the introduction of the second edition of McDonald's book1 , it was stated: "The main developments since 1950 have been in terms of treating the whole arterial system as being in a steady-state oscillation produced by the regularly repeated beat of the heart." However, these three important findings are neglected in the prevailing hemodynamic models. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.