Phenylephrine increases near-infrared spectroscopy determined muscle oxygenation during head-up tilt in men.

Phenylephrine is an α-adrenergic agent and yet seems to increase near-infrared spectroscopy determined muscle oxygenation (Sm O2 ) that reflects the ratio between oxygenated (O2 Hb) and deoxygenated (Hb) haemoglobin/myoglobin. We examined whether the increase in Sm O2 by phenylephrine reflects veno-constriction and to secure filling of the veins, subjects were exposed to head-up tilt (HUT). Phenylephrine (0.2 mg) was administered to 10 healthy males (24 years (22-27; median with interquartile range)) during 40° HUT with Sm O2 , O2 Hb and Hb determined for the biceps brachii and vastus lateralis muscles. Changes in red cell volume within the thorax and thigh were evaluated by electrical admittance and brachial vein diameter determined by ultrasound. HUT accumulated blood in arms and legs as indicated by reduced thoracic and conversely enhanced thigh electrical admittance. Both over the arm and leg, HUT reduced Sm O2 as a consequence of reduced O2 Hb and increased Hb (p < .05). After 5 min HUT, phenylephrine increased MAP and total peripheral resistance, and both arm and thigh Sm O2 increased due to a decrease in Hb and an increase in O2 Hb. The results confirm that Sm O2 decreases during HUT and demonstrate venous filling in the limbs. Furthermore, vasoconstriction during HUT is indicated by a decrease in O2 Hb. Conversely, phenylephrine increased Sm O2 likely illustrating increased muscle blood flow and venoconstriction as O2 Hb increased while Hb was reduced.