Antiplasmodial activity of Vernonia adoensis aqueous, methanol and chloroform leaf extracts against chloroquine sensitive strain of Plasmodium berghei in vivo in mice.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the antiplasmodial effects of the crude aqueous, methanol and chloroform extracts of the leaves of Vernonia adoensis in Plasmodium berghei infected Swiss albino mice using Peters' 4-day suppressive test.

RESULTS: The number of mice used for the toxicity test was 20 (5/group) and for each extract and control groups 5 mice per group was used. The aqueous, methanol and chloroform extracts of V. adoensis leaves indicated statistically significant (P < 0.05) suppression of parasitaemia in the treated mice. The highest inhibition was that of the methanol extract treated mice (83.36%) followed by aqueous (72.26%) and chloroform (54.34%) at an oral dose of 600 mg/kg b.wt. Each extract prevented body weight loss and packed cell volume (PCV) reduction as compared to the negative control groups. The survival time of the mice treated with chloroform based on Kaplan-Meir analysis was 12.53 ± 0.37 at 600 mg/kg b.wt, while the negative control was 7.93 ± 0.37 days. The LD50 of the extracts was greater than 3000 mg/kg body weight. In conclusion, the crude leaves extract of V. adoensis have demonstrated antiplasmodial effect in vivo. P. berghei infection is suppressed in a dose-dependent manner showing relevance of the traditional use of the plant.