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Cross-Sectional Association Between Types of Leisure Activities and Self-Rated Health According to Gender and Work Status Among Older Japanese Adults.

Journal of Epidemiology 2018 October 14
BACKGROUND: Participation in leisure activities (LA) is essential for successful aging. Our aim was to investigate the cross-sectional association of types of LA with self-rated health (SRH) by gender and work status.

METHODS: The target population was all residents aged ≥65 years in a municipality (n = 16,010, response rate of 62.5%). We analyzed 4,044 men and 4,617 women without disabilities. LA were categorized into 14 types. SRH was assessed through the SF-8. Excellent or very good SRH was defined as positive SRH. Covariates included age, marital status, education, subjective economic status, body mass index, chronic diseases, alcohol, smoking, walking time, depression and cognitive functioning. Multiple logistic regressions were used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for positive SRH, with non-participation as the reference.

RESULTS: After adjustment for covariates and mutual adjustment for other LA, participation in the following types of LA was positively associated with positive SRH: regarding sports activities, working men (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.07-2.00), non-working men (1.33, 1.04-1.69), and non-working women (1.74, 1.41-2.15); regarding cooking, non-working men (1.65, 1.18-2.33) and non-working women (1.28, 1.03-1.60); regarding musical activities, working men (1.44, 1.01-2.05) and non-working women (1.59, 1.29-1.95); and regarding technology usage, only working men (1.41, 1.01-1.96). In contrast, TV watching was negatively associated with positive SRH among non-working women (0.69, 0.56-0.85).

CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that encouraging older adults to participate in types of LA appropriate to their gender and work status might be a key to positive SRH.

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