We have located links that may give you full text access.
Epistaxis in the cirrhotic patient: A complication to be considered.
Gastroenterología y Hepatología 2019 January
INTRODUCTION: Epistaxis in cirrhotic patients is a common issue. However, the literature published to date is very scarce.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective case series of patients with cirrhosis who presented with a significant epistaxis, between 2006 and 2016.
RESULTS: Data were collected from 39 cirrhotic patients with a mean age of 61.4 (±14) years, 75% of which were males. The main comorbidities were hypertension (33%) and diabetes mellitus (26%). Seven (18%) patients were taking antiplatelet drugs and 3 (8%) anticoagulants. One third of patients had a previous history of epistaxis and 6 had a previous ENT pathology. The main aetiological factor of cirrhosis was alcohol in 46% of cases, with 15 (38%) patients presenting with Child A, 12 (31%) Child B and 12 (31%) Child C class. The median MELD score upon admission was 16 [12-21]. Thirty-five (97%) patients had portal hypertension. At admission, the median platelet count was 89,000 [60,000-163,000] and mean INR was 1.52 (±0.37). Clinically, epistaxis presented as haematemesis or melaena in 8 (21%) patients, simulating gastrointestinal bleeding due to swallowing of blood. In 10 (26%) patients, epistaxis was considered as the probable trigger of an episode of hepatic encephalopathy. Two patients required ICU admission due to bleeding and 8 (21%) died during hospitalisation due to causes not directly related to epistaxis.
CONCLUSIONS: Epistaxis is a complication to be taken into account in cirrhotic patients, as it can act as an encephalopathy trigger or simulate an episode of gastrointestinal bleeding.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective case series of patients with cirrhosis who presented with a significant epistaxis, between 2006 and 2016.
RESULTS: Data were collected from 39 cirrhotic patients with a mean age of 61.4 (±14) years, 75% of which were males. The main comorbidities were hypertension (33%) and diabetes mellitus (26%). Seven (18%) patients were taking antiplatelet drugs and 3 (8%) anticoagulants. One third of patients had a previous history of epistaxis and 6 had a previous ENT pathology. The main aetiological factor of cirrhosis was alcohol in 46% of cases, with 15 (38%) patients presenting with Child A, 12 (31%) Child B and 12 (31%) Child C class. The median MELD score upon admission was 16 [12-21]. Thirty-five (97%) patients had portal hypertension. At admission, the median platelet count was 89,000 [60,000-163,000] and mean INR was 1.52 (±0.37). Clinically, epistaxis presented as haematemesis or melaena in 8 (21%) patients, simulating gastrointestinal bleeding due to swallowing of blood. In 10 (26%) patients, epistaxis was considered as the probable trigger of an episode of hepatic encephalopathy. Two patients required ICU admission due to bleeding and 8 (21%) died during hospitalisation due to causes not directly related to epistaxis.
CONCLUSIONS: Epistaxis is a complication to be taken into account in cirrhotic patients, as it can act as an encephalopathy trigger or simulate an episode of gastrointestinal bleeding.
Full text links
Related Resources
Trending Papers
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: diagnosis, risk assessment, and treatment.Clinical Research in Cardiology : Official Journal of the German Cardiac Society 2024 April 12
Proximal versus distal diuretics in congestive heart failure.Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation 2024 Februrary 30
World Health Organization and International Consensus Classification of eosinophilic disorders: 2024 update on diagnosis, risk stratification, and management.American Journal of Hematology 2024 March 30
Efficacy and safety of pharmacotherapy in chronic insomnia: A review of clinical guidelines and case reports.Mental Health Clinician 2023 October
Get seemless 1-tap access through your institution/university
For the best experience, use the Read mobile app
All material on this website is protected by copyright, Copyright © 1994-2024 by WebMD LLC.
This website also contains material copyrighted by 3rd parties.
By using this service, you agree to our terms of use and privacy policy.
Your Privacy Choices
You can now claim free CME credits for this literature searchClaim now
Get seemless 1-tap access through your institution/university
For the best experience, use the Read mobile app