A neuropathologic diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease in an older adult with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder.

We discuss the challenges associated with diagnosing neurodegenerative disorders in older adults living with HIV, illustrated through a case report where neurologic co-diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and HIV-associated Neurocognitive Disorder (HAND) are considered. The patient was followed and evaluated for over 4 years and underwent post-mortem neuropathologic evaluation. Further work is needed to identify diagnostic tests that can adequately distinguish HAND from early stage neurodegenerative disorders among older adults living with HIV and cognitive changes.