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Dietary nutrient levels alter the metabolism of arginine family amino acids in the conceptus of Huanjiang mini-pigs.

BACKGROUND: The arginine family amino acids (AFAAs) exert important roles in the metabolism, growth, and development of the conceptus. However, to date, few studies have investigated the effects of maternal nutrient levels on the concentrations and metabolism of AFAAs in the conceptus.

RESULTS: Compared with low nutrient (LN) diets, high nutrient (HN) diets increased (P < 0.05) the concentrations of citrulline and proline (Pro) in plasma, the concentrations of arginine, glutamine, Pro, and ornithine (Orn) in the amniotic fluid; and the concentrations of all detected AFAAs in the allantoic fluid, which were most pronounced on day 45 of pregnancy. HN diets upregulated (P < 0.05) mRNA expression of arginase I (Arg I), Pro oxidase, and spermidine synthetase (SRM) in the fetal placenta, and Arg II, SRM, and spermine synthetase (SMS) expression in the fetal liver (most pronounced on day 45 of pregnancy). The same effect was observed for mRNA expression of NO synthase and Orn aminotransferase (OAT), mainly on day 110 of pregnancy, and for mRNA expression of Arg I, Arg II, OAT, Orn decarboxylase, and SMS throughout pregnancy. HN diets upregulated (P < 0.05) mRNA expression of Y+ LAT1 and CAT1 in the fetal jejunum throughout pregnancy. Dietary treatments did not affect (P > 0.05) mRNA expression of Y+ LAT1, SNAT2, and CAT1 in the fetal placenta, skeletal muscle, and colon.

CONCLUSION: HN diets increased the concentration and transport of AFAAs in the mothers and conceptus, which likely improves growth and development of the conceptus. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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