Incidence of Post-Liver Transplant Hepatic Dysfunction After Sustained Virologic Response Following Direct-Acting Anti-Hepatitis C Therapy.

OBJECTIVES: Newly developed, direct-acting antiviral therapy is effective in over 90% of cases to eradicate hepatitis C virus infection. Direct-acting antiviral therapy is also effective in liver transplant recipients with recurrent hepatitis C virus infection. However, hepatic function after sustained virologic response in transplant recipients is unknown. Here, we aimed to uncover the incidence of hepatic dysfunction in this patient group at our center.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our study included 40 consecutive (January 2014 to February 2016) and compliant posttransplant recipients who achieved sustained viral response from direct-acting antiviral therapy. Patients were investigated for incidence and causes of hepatic dysfunction.

RESULTS: In our patient group, 4 (10%) experienced hepatic dysfunction with stable baseline immunosuppression, with 2 having drastic increases in alanine aminotransferase at 15 and 32 weeks after direct-acting antiviral therapy. Biopsies showed hepatitis, and both patients were treated with hydrocortisone, which increased their baseline immunosuppression. The 3rd patient had an increase in bilirubin at 21 weeks posttherapy, with biopsy showing macrovascular steatosis. The 4th patient had a rapid increase in bilirubin at 7 weeks after direct-acting antiviral therapy, with biopsy showing significant duct loss.

CONCLUSIONS: During the study period, 10% of patients experienced hepatic dysfunction after sustained viral response. Presumed causative factors included partial immune reconstitution and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.