Prevalence of cystoid macular oedema, epiretinal membrane and cataract in retinitis pigmentosa.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: To report the prevalence of treatable complications (cystoid macular oedema, CME; epiretinal membrane, ERM and cataract) in patients with retinitis pigmentosa (RP).

METHODS: Consecutive patients with RP attending a tertiary eye clinic in 2012. Spectral domain-optical coherence tomography was used to determine presence of CME and ERM. Clinic records were reviewed to identify cataract and pseudophakia. Multivariable analyses adjusted for age, gender and other confounders.

RESULTS: Data are presented for 338 eyes from 169 patients. CME was present in 58.6% of patients and 50.9% of eyes and was bilateral in 73.7%. ERM, cataract and pseudophakia were present in 22.8%, 23.4% and 11.2% eyes, respectively. In multivariable analyses, CME was associated with younger age (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.67 to 0.98) but not with gender. Patients with ERM and cataract/pseudophakia were less likely to also have CME (OR 0.19, 95%  CI 0.09 to 0.40 and OR 0.37, 95%  CI 0.16 to 0.84, respectively). CME was most prevalent in patients with autosomal-dominant inheritance (71.4%), followed by autosomal recessive/sporadic inheritance (58.9%) and least likely in persons with X linked inheritance (12.5%, p<0.001).

CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of treatable RP complications is high and suggests it may be clinically beneficial to screen patients with RP to identify those who may benefit from current or future interventions.