Expressions and prognostic values of the E2F transcription factors in human breast carcinoma.

E2F transcription factors ( E2Fs ) are a family of transcription factors involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Their important roles in the development and metastasis of breast carcinoma (BC) have been discovered by previous in vitro and in vivo studies. Yet, expressions and distinct prognostic values of these eight E2Fs in human BC remain unclear in many respects. In this study, we aimed to reveal their roles in BC through analyzing the transcription and survival data of the E2Fs in BC patients from four online databases including ONCOMINE, Breast Cancer Gene-Expression Miner v4.1, cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics, and Kaplan-Meier Plotter. We found the overexpression of E2Fs in BC tissues compared with normal breast tissues, except for E2F4 . Higher expression levels of E2Fs , except for E2F4 and E2F6 , were associated with higher levels of Scarff-Bloom-Richardson grade of BC. Alterations of E2Fs were found to be significantly correlated with poorer overall survival of BC patients. Through plotting the survival curve in the Kaplan-Meier Plotter, it was found that higher mRNA levels of E2F1 , E2F3 , E2F7 , and E2F8 were associated with poorer relapse-free survival in all BC patients, indicating that they are potential targets for individualized treatments of BC patients. Conversely, higher mRNA expression level of E2F4 predicted better RFS in BC patients, suggesting E2F4 as a new biomarker for BC prognosis. Considering currently available limited evidence, further studies need to be performed to investigate the roles of E2Fs in BC.