The epigenetic mechanisms of nanotopography-guided osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells via high-throughput transcriptome sequencing.

Background: Nanotopography directs stem cell fate; however, the underlying mechanisms, especially those at the epigenetic level, remain vague. The TiO2 -nanotube array, a classical example of nanotopography, is a good model to investigate topography-cell interactions because of its good controllability and easy manufacturing process. Previously, we found that a TiO2 -nanotube array with an optimal diameter promoted osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-tissue-derived stem cells (hASCs).

Methods: We used RNA sequencing and bioinformatics to reveal the overall gene expression profile of hASCs on TiO2 -nanotube arrays.

Results: Bioinformatics analyses revealed that the epigenetic regulatory network plays an important role in TiO2 -nanotube-guided osteogenic differentiation. Changes in cell adhesion and cytoskeletal reorganization are linked to epigenetic alterations, including upregulation of KDM4E and downregulation of histone deacetylases. Meanwhile, microRNAs, including miR-24-1-5p, miR-24-3 p, miR-154-3 p, miR-154-5 p, miR-433-5 p, miR-589-3 p, and miR-589-5 p were downregulated, whereas miR-186-5 p and miR-770-5 p were upregulated. Long non-coding RNAs, including LINC00941, LINC01279, and ZFAS1, were downregulated in this process.

Conclusion: Using next-generation sequencing, we illustrated the overall picture of the regulatory mechanisms of TiO2 nanotubes, thus providing a basis for future clinical applications of nanotopography in the field of bone tissue engineering. Our results offer insights into material-based nanomedicine and epigenetic therapy.