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Journal Article
Review
Functional Consequences of Calcium Influx Promoted by Bacterial Pore-Forming Toxins.
Toxins 2018 September 26
Bacterial pore-forming toxins induce a rapid and massive increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration due to the formation of pores in the plasma membrane and/or activation of Ca2+ -channels. As Ca2+ is an essential messenger in cellular signaling, a sustained increase in Ca2+ concentration has dramatic consequences on cellular behavior, eventually leading to cell death. However, host cells have adapted mechanisms to protect against Ca2+ intoxication, such as Ca2+ efflux and membrane repair. The final outcome depends upon the nature and concentration of the toxin and on the cell type. This review highlights the repercussions of Ca2+ overload on the induction of cell death, repair mechanisms, cellular adhesive properties, and the inflammatory response.
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