Treatment of DSS-induced colitis with mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation 1 inhibitor MI-2 is associated with restoration of gut immune function and the microbiota.

Disruption of the healthy intestinal microbiome and homeostasis of the intestinal immune system, which are closely interactive are two key factors for ulcerative colitis. Here, we show that MI-2, a selective inhibitor of mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma translocation-1 (MALT1), alleviated excessive inflammatory responses and was associated with restoration of healthy intestinal microbiome in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice. We found that the diversity of intestinal microbiome of DSS-induced colitis mice was significantly lower than that of healthy mice. However, MI-2 treatment in DSS-induced colitis mice showed the restored microbial diversity. To understand the possibility of the beneficial effect of the restored microbial diversity of MI-2 treated DSS-induced colitis mice, we showed fecal microbiota from MI-2-treated DSS-induced colitis and healthy control mice into mice with DSS-induced colitis could alleviated symptoms of colitis. These possibility of MI-2 treatment in DSS-induced colitis associated with restoration of healthy microbial diversity in addition to re-shape host immune modulating capacity by reducing inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-17α, and IL-22) may be considered therapeutic for ulcerative colitis.