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The incidence, clinical manifestations and severity of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis among Maori and Pacific Island children.

Arthritis Care & Research 2018 September 18
OBJECTIVE: To describe the incidence, demographics, diagnostic clinical manifestations and severity of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) in Maori and Pacific Island children compared to European children.

METHOD: A chart review was conducted of all children with JIA seen by Auckland Pediatric and Rheumatology services between 2000 and 2015. Demographic data and diagnostic clinical manifestations including poor prognostic features were collated. The incidence, diagnostic clinical manifestations and severity of JIA were determined and compared between ethnic groups, in particular Maori and Pacific and European children.

RESULTS: The overall incidence in a New Zealand cohort of children with JIA was 5.1/100,000 per year which was significantly higher among European children (7.2/100,000 per year) compared to all other ethnic groups. Poor prognostic features at diagnosis were present in 36% with significantly more Maori and Pacific Island children presenting with poor prognostic features compared to European children (58% vs 27%, p=0.0001). Maori and Pacific children had significantly more poor prognostic features per child associated with JIA (1.10 vs 0.37, p=<0.0001), oligoarticular and polyarticular disease (1.28 vs 0.40, p<0.0001), which was independent of socio-economic status (SES). Significant features included cervical involvement (25% vs 9%, 0.03), erosive changes (22% vs 8%, p=0.05), joint space narrowing (13% vs 2%, p=0.02) and polyarticular rheumatoid factor positive disease (47% vs 14%, p=0.01).

CONCLUSION: Maori and Pacific Island children were more likely to present with poor prognostic features at diagnosis although the incidence of JIA was demonstrated to be significantly higher among European children compared to all ethnic groups. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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