Immunohistochemical study of the expression of human chorionic gonadotropin-β in salivary gland tumors.

Background and Objectives: Human chorionic gonadotropin-β (hCGβ) is a hormone glycoprotein usually secreted by trophoblastic cells in early pregnancy and helps in growth and development of the embryo. While many trophoblastic and nontrophoblastic malignancies express elevated levels of hCGβ in serum, increased immunohistochemical reactivity has also been reported in malignant and aggressive tumors, thus serving as a marker. As limited studies exist on tumors of the oral- and para-oral region, it prompted us to observe the immunohistochemical expression of hCGβ in salivary gland tumors.

Materials and Methods: A total of 21 cases of salivary gland tumors - 16 cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC), adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC), and five cases of pleomorphic adenoma - were included in the study. The sections were subjected to immunohistochemical procedures using hCGβ antigen. The degree of intensity and distribution of hCGβ immunostaining was assessed.

Results: One case of each (12.5%) MEC and ACC showed positive staining, and no staining was observed in the pleomorphic adenoma.

Conclusion: The presence of hCGβ positive tumor cells appears to potentially reflect the aggressive behavior of MEC and ACC.