Display Technologies for Generation of Ig Single Variable Domains.

Variable fragments of heavy-chain-only antibodies (VHH) found in camelids are valuable research tools in pharmacology and biotechnology and are being developed for the clinic to treat patients with autoimmune and infectious diseases or cancer. Their single-domain nature and biochemical properties greatly facilitate the development process. The most common technology to select single-domain antibody fragments is phage display following active immunization of llamas or other members of Camelidae family. Selection of VHH from immune phage libraries is a rapid approach to discover a broad panel of in vivo matured antigen-specific clones with comprehensive functionalities. In this chapter, we describe a detailed protocol for construction of VHH immune libraries and phage display selection against antigens in their native conformation.