On-Substrate Derivatization for Highly Volatile G-Series Chemical Warfare Agent Detection via Paper Spray Mass Spectrometry.

RATIONALE: The analysis of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) from ambient atmosphere presents an analytical challenge due to their ease of degradation and volatility. Herein is described a method for derivatizing CWAs directly onto a paper spray substrate prior to analysis. This derivatization allows for much longer times of analysis without sample degradation and with little to no sample prep.

METHODS: Derivatization was performed using 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl] phenol both in-vial and directly on paper spray cartridges. Solution studies were carried out over time and samples were analyzed via LC/MS/MS operated in positive ion mode. Paper spray substrates impregnated with the derivatizing agent prior to CWA vapor capture were also analyzed over time using a PS-Orbitrap mass spectrometer operated in positive ion mode.

RESULTS: Use of 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl] phenol as a paper spray substrate dopant enables derivatization of G-series compounds into lower volatility complexes. The reaction occurs in solution and in the vapor phase. This new technique effectively traps and captures G-series agents for analysis while extending the time for which the compound remains absorbed. The complex is highly suitable for direct analysis via paper spray mass spectrometry.

CONCLUSIONS: Derivatization of paper spray substrates was shown to greatly increase the time for analysis for CWAs. This technique, combined with the vapor phase capture stage outlined previously, allows for rapid, quantitative CWA detection by paper spray ionization with little or no sample preparation.