A Case Report of Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty After 17 Years: All Grown Up, What Happens When Implants Mature?

The number of total knee arthroplasties (TKAs) being performed annually is steadily rising. Recommendations for clinical follow-up guidelines following these arthroplasties is controversial, with no strict guidelines for long-term follow up. Although a few case series exist which identify a minority of patients who require revision TKA for aseptic loosening or pain more than 15 years after index surgery, no published studies have yet described these patients or the pathology present at the time of surgery in detail. We present the case of a patient who underwent revision TKA for pain and instability that developed 17 years after index surgery. Postoperative pathology revealed foreign body giant cell reaction of the tissue surrounding the previous implant. This case of revision after more than 17 years attempts to improve our understanding of long-term reactions to implants and highlights the necessity of long-term follow up in patients with TKA. It is one of the longest follow-ups of TKA reporting long-term anatomic changes at the bone cement interphase and around the implant.