Roles of insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction in macrosomia among Chinese women with gestational diabetes mellitus.

AIMS: The aim was to examine associations of insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction with macrosomia in Chinese women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

METHODS: We performed a secondary analysis of 923 women with GDM enrolled in a randomized controlled trial in 2010-2012 in Tianjin, China. Insulin resistance and beta-cell function were estimated using Homeostasis model assessment. Binary logistic regression was used to obtain adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A two-step adjustment scheme was used to control for effects of potential confounders.

RESULTS: A total of 138 women (16.5%) had excessive weight gain, 127 (7.3%) had macrosomia and 150 (16.3%) had a large for gestational age (LGA) infant. Compared to women in bottom tertile of insulin resistance, women in upper tertile had increased risk of excessive weight gain (OR: 4.32, 95%CI: 1.95-9.62), macrosomia and LGA (OR: 2.61, 95%CI: 1.20-5.69; 2.75, 95%CI: 1.35-5.62, respectively). The observed overall effects were mainly due to their large effect sizes among women with normal pre-pregnancy body weight. However, beta cell function was not found to be associated with either of them.

CONCLUSIONS: Increased insulin resistance during pregnancy was associated with excessive weight gain, macrosomia and LGA in Chinese women with GDM.