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Impact of Mosquito Age and Insecticide Exposure on Susceptibility of Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) to Infection with Zika Virus.

Pathogens 2018 August 13
Zika virus (ZIKV) is primarily transmitted to humans by Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus . Vector⁻virus interactions influencing vector competence vary and depend on biological and environmental factors. A mosquito's chronological age may impact its immune response against virus infection. Insecticides, source reduction, and/or public education are currently the best defense against mosquitoes that transmit ZIKV. This study assessed the effects of a mosquito's chronological age at time of infection on its response to ZIKV infection. We exposed young (6⁻7 d post-emergence) and old (11⁻12 d post-emergence) Ae. albopictus to a sublethal dose of bifenthrin prior to oral exposure to blood meals containing ZIKV (7-day incubation period). Old mosquitoes experienced a significantly ( p < 0.01) higher rate of mortality than young mosquitoes. Significantly higher ZIKV body titers ( p < 0.01) were observed in the old control group compared to the young control group. Significantly higher ( p < 0.01) ZIKV dissemination rates and leg titers ( p < 0.01) were observed in old bifenthrin-exposed mosquitoes compared to old control mosquitoes or young bifenthrin-exposed or control mosquitoes. Hence, bifenthrin exposure may increase the potential for virus transmission; however, the degree of these impacts varies with mosquito age. Impacts of insecticides should be considered in risk assessments of potential vector populations.

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