Circulating miRNAs as biomarkers for early diagnosis of coronary artery disease.

INTRODUCTION: Coronary artery disease (CAD) contributes to a huge number of human death worldwide. The early diagnosis can arrest the development of CAD and effectively lower the mortality rate. Recently, circulating miRNAs emerged as CAD biomarkers. Area covered: Many efforts were paid to explore early diagnostic biomarkers of CAD. Some proteins have been used as diagnostic golden standard. However, the diagnostic and prognostic value of them is limited. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small noncoding RNAs, have been illustrated to regulate gene expression. The dysfunction of miRNAs is associated with CAD. MiRNAs presenting stably in body fluids are called circulating miRNAs. The altered expression of specific circulating miRNAs has been discovered in CAD and reported to affect the pathogenesis of CAD. We reviewed the recent data about circulating miRNAs regarding their potential roles in diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic strategies for CAD. Additionally, we also summarized the current knowledge about circulating miRNA formation and detection. Expert opinion: Compared with traditional diagnostic tools, circulating miRNAs have many strongpoints, suggesting that circulating miRNAs can serve as promising biomarkers for the early diagnosis and prognosis of CAD.