An Update on Osteomyelitis Treatment in a Pycnodysostosis Patient.

PURPOSE: The aims of the present study were to discuss the demographic distribution and clinical characteristics of patients with pycnodysostosis (PYCD) and the onset of osteomyelitis and its treatment using a literature review. The authors also report on an update of treatment of mandibular osteomyelitis in a patient with PYCD using a buccal fat pad (BFP) as a free graft.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study was carried out in 2 steps. In the first step, an electronic search was undertaken in PubMed in March 2018, with 17 articles being included. In the second step, the authors present a case of mandibular osteomyelitis in a 30-year-old woman with PYCD treated by sequestrectomy and a BFP as a free graft (follow-up, 24 months).

RESULTS: Twenty-one cases of osteomyelitis of the jaws in patients with PYCD were included. Dental extraction, mandibular fracture, and 1 case of facial trauma represented the causes of mandibular osteomyelitis. Treatments included resection associated with antibiotics and sequestrectomy alone or associated with antibiotics.

CONCLUSIONS: Despite the good results of the present case, further studies using the BFP as an adjuvant for jaw osteomyelitis are necessary to elucidate its clinical efficiency and safety.