Comparative kinematic analysis of the baseball pitching motions of high school athletes in relation to pitching conditions.

To analyze changes in pitching motions in relation to pitching conditions during practice versus game comparatively, seven high school over-throwing pitchers served as subjects in this study, who then performed pitches in various conditions. Data were processed using the statistical analysis program SPSS 21.0, and the moving distances and angles of the joints at the point of ball release were analyzed using repeated measurements one-way analysis of variance, followed by Bonferroni post hoc tests. Statistical significance was determined at P <0.05, and the following conclusion was obtained. According to the pitching conditions, the elbow joint was lengthened, and the torso leaned towards the nonpitching arm during pitching. Further, the pitching stride increased, causing the forward transfer of the landing foot and the pitching hand. Based on these observations, it is important to establish a pitching training method that minimizes inconsistency in pitching motions by simulating game-like conditions during pitching practices and developing various training programs. Further investigation is required for a comprehensive mechanical analysis of muscle usage and damage in pitching motions in relation to various pitching conditions.