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Dose Reduction Protocol for Full Spine X-ray Examination Using Copper Filters in Patients With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis.
Spine 2018 July 13
STUDY DESIGN: Prospective case series.
OBJECTIVE: To assess a new protocol for full spine X-ray using copper (Cu) filters to reduce radiation exposure in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).
SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Radiation exposure is associated with an increased risk of cancer development in children. To reduce the radiation exposure without compromising the image quality using existing radiographic equipment, a new computed radiography protocol was optimized using a variety of heavy metal filters.
METHODS: Study 1: Whole spine radiographs were obtained using a human body phantom, and radiation doses without and with 0.1-, 0.2-, and 0.3-mm thick Cu filters were compared. Study 2: Patients with AIS who underwent posterior fusion were radiographically evaluated at follow-ups; the X-ray protocols with or without the use of 0.2-mm Cu filters were alternated between consecutive follow-ups. The image quality was independently evaluated using six points in the anterior-posterior (AP) view and seven in the lateral [left-right (LR)] view by three spine surgeons using a three-point grading system.
RESULTS: Study 1: The surface doses while obtaining nonfiltered X-rays in AP and LR views were 0.31 and 0.93 mGy, respectively, whereas those with 0.1-, 0.2-, and 0.3-mm Cu filters were 0.16 and 0.52, 0.11 and 0.36, and 0.08and 0.27 mGy, respectively.Study 2: In patients with AIS, the percentage of grade 3 scores (both endplates were identifiable) on AP-view images was 85% with nonfiltered X-rays and 75% with the filtered X-rays. However, there were no significant differences between the two protocols. On LR images, the frequency of grade 3 scores was significantly lower at Th2 and Th12 on filtered images than on nonfiltered ones.
CONCLUSIONS: Whole spine radiographs using 0.2-mm Cu filters in patients with AIS could reduce radiation exposure more than 60% while preserving the image quality.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4.
OBJECTIVE: To assess a new protocol for full spine X-ray using copper (Cu) filters to reduce radiation exposure in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS).
SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Radiation exposure is associated with an increased risk of cancer development in children. To reduce the radiation exposure without compromising the image quality using existing radiographic equipment, a new computed radiography protocol was optimized using a variety of heavy metal filters.
METHODS: Study 1: Whole spine radiographs were obtained using a human body phantom, and radiation doses without and with 0.1-, 0.2-, and 0.3-mm thick Cu filters were compared. Study 2: Patients with AIS who underwent posterior fusion were radiographically evaluated at follow-ups; the X-ray protocols with or without the use of 0.2-mm Cu filters were alternated between consecutive follow-ups. The image quality was independently evaluated using six points in the anterior-posterior (AP) view and seven in the lateral [left-right (LR)] view by three spine surgeons using a three-point grading system.
RESULTS: Study 1: The surface doses while obtaining nonfiltered X-rays in AP and LR views were 0.31 and 0.93 mGy, respectively, whereas those with 0.1-, 0.2-, and 0.3-mm Cu filters were 0.16 and 0.52, 0.11 and 0.36, and 0.08and 0.27 mGy, respectively.Study 2: In patients with AIS, the percentage of grade 3 scores (both endplates were identifiable) on AP-view images was 85% with nonfiltered X-rays and 75% with the filtered X-rays. However, there were no significant differences between the two protocols. On LR images, the frequency of grade 3 scores was significantly lower at Th2 and Th12 on filtered images than on nonfiltered ones.
CONCLUSIONS: Whole spine radiographs using 0.2-mm Cu filters in patients with AIS could reduce radiation exposure more than 60% while preserving the image quality.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4.
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