Cytogenetic Profiles of 472 Indian Children with Acute Myeloid Leukemia.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the cytogenetic abnormalities of a large cohort of consecutive pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) patients, treated on a uniform protocol.

DESIGN: Review of case records.

SETTING: Pediatric Cancer Center of tertiary care hospital between June 2003 and June 2016.

PARTICIPANTS: 617 consecutive de novo pediatric AML patients were screened and 472 patients were found eligible. Eligibility criteria included non M3 patients, successful cytogenetic profile and availability of complete records.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Cytogenetic profile.

RESULTS: Gum-hypertropy, chloromas and rate of complete remission were significantly different between European Leukemia Network classification (ELN) cytogenetic risk groups (P<0.01). t (8;21) (141, 29.8%), loss of Y chromosome (61,12.9%) and trisomy 8 (39, 8.3%) were the most common abnormalities. Among the chromosomal gains, trisomy 8 and trisomy 21 (both P<0.01) were significantly different among the three ELN risk groups. Among the chromosome losses, monosomy 5, 7 (both P<0.01) and 9 (P=0.03), loss of X and loss of Y (both P<0.01) were statistically different amongst three cytogenetic risk groups. Event-free survival (P<0.01) and overall survival (P<0.01) were found to be significantly different among the three risk groups.

CONCLUSIONS: The higher frequency of t (8; 21) and its association with chloroma in Indian pediatric patients is different from other studies around the world.