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Alterations in the primary teeth of children with microcephaly in Northeast Brazil: a comparative study.

BACKGROUND: The outbreak of microcephaly between 2015 and 2017 in Brazil created an international public health emergency.

AIM: This study sought to evaluate the chronology, sequence of eruption, and the presence of anomalies amongst children with microcephaly compared with normoreactive children.

DESIGN: A comparative study of 108 children aged 0-2 years attending public services was conducted. The microcephaly group (MG; n = 54) and the nonmicrocephaly group (NMG; n = 54) were matched by age, gender, and family income at a 1 : 1 ratio. Erupted teeth and the presence of anomalies were evaluated and compared. Chi-square tests, Pearson's correlations, Fisher's exact tests, and Student's t-tests were applied (α = 0.05).

RESULTS: No between-group differences were found with regard to gender (P = 0.560) or age (P = 0.529). The MG presented with a higher percentage of alterations in eruption sequence, opacity, self-injury, and delayed eruption compared with the NMG (P < 0.05). The MG was more likely to exhibit changes in tooth eruption sequence (OR = 12.23, 95% CIs = 3.25-46.03, P < 0.001), delayed eruption (OR = 23.12; 95% CIs = 7.09-75.40, P < 0.001), and opacity (n = 12.19, 95% CIs = 1.44-103.28, P = 0.022) than the NMG.

CONCLUSION: Children with microcephaly present with greater delays in chronology, alterations in eruption sequence, and enamel defects than normoreactive children.

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