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Positron emission tomography of type 2 cannabinoid receptors for detecting inflammation in the central nervous system.

Cannabinoid receptor CB2 (CB2 R) is upregulated on activated microglia and astrocytes in the brain under inflammatory conditions and plays important roles in many neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and ischemic stroke. The advent of positron emission tomography (PET) using CB2 R radiotracers has enabled the visualization of CB2 R distribution in vivo in animal models of central nervous system inflammation, however translation to humans has been less successful. Several novel CB2 R radiotracers have been developed and evaluated to quantify microglial activation. In this review, we summarize the recent preclinical and clinical imaging results of CB2 R PET tracers and discuss the prospects of CB2 R imaging using PET.

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