Interaction between polymorphisms in cell-cycle genes and environmental factors in regulating cholinesterase activity in people with exposure to omethoate.

Cholinesterase activity (ChA), the effective biomarker for organophosphate pesticide exposure, is possibly affected by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in cell-cycle-related genes. One hundred and eighty workers with long-term exposure to omethoate and 115 healthy controls were recruited to explore the gene-gene and gene-environment interactions. The acetylthiocholine and dithio-bis-(nitrobenzoic acid) method was used to detect the cholinesterase activities in whole blood, erythrocytes and plasma. Genetic polymorphisms were determined by the PCR-RFLP and direct PCR electrophoresis methods. Statistical results showed that the cholinesterase activities of whole blood, erythrocytes and plasma in the exposure group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( p  < 0.001), and erythrocyte cholinesterase activities were associated with gender, smoking and drinking in the exposure group ( p  < 0.05). Single-locus analyses showed that there is a statistically significant difference in the ChA among the genotypes CC, CA and AA of the p21 rs1801270 locus in the control group ( p  = 0.033), but not in the exposure group. A significant interaction between genes and environmental factors (i.e. p53 , p21 , mdm2, gender, smoking and drinking) affecting ChA was found through a generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction analysis. These obtained markers will be useful in further marker-assisted selection in workers with exposure to omethoate.