Immunotoxicology: A Brief History.

Immunotoxicological research and testing have evolved from early studies of anaphylaxis to the robust and diverse field of immunotoxicology as we know it today. Early studies connecting immune dysfunction with exposure to exogenous agents focused on adverse reactions to immunogenic agents present in vaccines. Over time, work done by immunologists and pathologists leads to descriptions of characteristics of immunogenic agents as well as mechanisms by which anaphylaxis occurs and an understanding of the concept of immunosuppression. These myriad achievements greatly improved public health and led the field of immunotoxicology, which addresses all aspects of adverse immunological responses following exposure to exogenous agents as well as the development of testing paradigms to understand immunological responses of designed agents such as drugs and biologics.