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Ag-doping on ZnO support mediated by bio-analytes rich in ascorbic acid for photocatalytic degradation of dipyrone drug.

Chemosphere 2018 October
The analytes such as ascorbic acid (AA) present in Sechium edule were extracted (294 mg AA kg-1 fruit) in an aqueous media for its potential application for Ag-doping onto wurtzite ZnO. The bandgap of ZnO was decreased to 2.85 eV at the optimal Ag-loading of 1.18% (w/w) against 3.13 eV for the control catalyst without using the analytes and, the commercial AA only could reduce the bandgap to 2.91 eV. The saturation photo-electrochemical current density (46.68 mA cm-2 ) at Eanode  ≥ 0.31 V vs. Ag/AgCl was almost double than pristine ZnO under visible light illumination (λmean  = 525 nm, 18 K lux) and, the current density was insignificant in the dark. The doped catalyst exhibited the maximum 79.5% degradation (71% COD removal) of an anti-analgesic drug, dipyrone (100 μg L-1 dipyrone, catalyst 100 mg L-1 ) resulted from the formation of O2 •- radical (g-factor of 2.002-2.008) and paramagnetic oxygen vacancies (g-factor of 2.020) and, no effect of dye-sensitization was noted. The highest quantum yield was found to be 34.7%. The catalyst loss was 6% after the fourth cycle and the dipyrone degradation was reduced to 70.8%.

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