TRKB tyrosine kinase receptor is a potential therapeutic target for poorly differentiated oral squamous cell carcinoma.

It has been reported that one of the neurotrophin receptors, tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TRKB), is frequently overexpressed in various tumor tissues including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), and that its upregulation promotes tumor progression in human cancers. However, the correlation between TRKB overexpression and clinicopathological characteristics is not fully elucidated. Here, we present the correlation between the expression levels of TRKB and/or its secreted ligand, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and clinicopathological characteristics, especially regarding tumor differentiation, tissue invasion, and disease-free survival in patients with OSCC. The results obtained through immunohistochemical analysis of human OSCC tumor specimens showed that the expression levels of TRKB and/or BDNF, were significantly higher in moderately and poorly differentiated OSCC (MD/PD-OSCC) tumor cells than in well differentiated cells (WD-OSCC). Moreover, the OSCC tumors highly expressing TRKB and/or BDNF exhibited promotion in tissue invasion and reduction in disease-free survival in the patients. In an orthotopic transplantation mouse model of human OSCC cell lines, administration of a TRKB-specific inhibitor significantly suppressed the tumor growth and invasion in PD-OSCC-derived tumor cells, but not in WD-OSCC-derived tumor cells. Moreover, the TRKB inhibitor selectively blocked BDNF-induced tumor cell proliferation and migration accompanied with the suppression of TRKB phosphorylation in PD-OSCC but not in WD-OSCC in vitro . Taken together, these data suggest that the BDNF/TRKB signaling pathway may regulate tumor progression in poorly differentiated OSCC. Expression levels of signal molecules may be an accurate prognosis marker for tumor aggressiveness, and the molecules may be an attractive target for new OSCC therapies.