Rotavirus vaccines: why continued investment in research is necessary.

Purpose of review: Rotavirus vaccines were first introduced more than a decade ago and have had a tremendous impact on reducing the number of hospitalizations and deaths due to rotavirus-associated diarrhea. This review will discuss current rotavirus vaccines, post-licensure surveillance, progress in non-replicating vaccine development, and why continued research is important for understanding a virus that remains a globally leading cause of death due to diarrhea.

Recent findings: Research advances have enhanced our understanding of how vaccines induce protection against subsequent severe disease, how the virus replicates and spreads in the face of the host immune system, and basic mechanisms governing the viral life cycle.

Summary: Much remains to be learned about how to improve vaccine success, what are the molecular determinants of host range and virulence, and what are the interactions of the virus with the host that drive its replicative success, among many other important questions.