Reshaping the Immune Tumor Microenvironment Through IRE1 Signaling.

The ability of a tumor cell to cope with environmental and intracellular stress depends on its capacity to activate appropriate adaptive pathways. As such, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) adjusts the adaptive capacity of tumor cells by engaging the unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR maintains the functionality of the secretory pathway, thereby allowing tumor cells to shape their microenvironment, thus likely determining the nature of the tumor immune response. Consequently, this makes the UPR very relevant in the context of cancer therapeutics. We focus here on inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1) and compile novel molecular mechanisms demonstrating that tumoral UPR controls the tumor microenvironment (TME) and the immune response, therefore opening potential novel therapeutic avenues.