Evaluation of 99m Tc-sulfonamide and sulfocoumarin derivatives for imaging carbonic anhydrase IX expression.

With the aim to prepare hypoxia tumor imaging agents, technetium(I) and rhenium(I) tricarbonyl complexes with dipyridylamine (L1 = N-{[1-(2,2-dioxido-1,2-benzoxathiin-6-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl]methyl}-N-(2-pyridinylmethyl)-2-pyridinemethanamine; L3 = N-{[1-[N-(4-aminosulfonylphenyl)]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl]methyl}-N-(2-pyridinyl-methyl)-2-pyridinemethanamine), and iminodiacetate (H2 L2 = N-{[1-(2,2-dioxido-1,2-benzoxathiin-6-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-yl]methyl}-N-(carboxy-methyl)-glycine; H2 L4 = N-{[1-[N-(4-aminosulfonylphenyl)]-1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-yl]methyl}-N-(carboxymethyl)-glycine) ligands appended to sulfonamide or sulfocoumarin carbonic anhydrase inhibitors were synthesized. The Re(I) complexes were characterized using 1 H/13 C NMR, MS, EA, and in one case the X-ray structure of [Et3 NH][Re(CO)3 (L2)] was obtained. As expected, the Re coordination geometry is distorted octahedral, with a tridentate iminodiacetate ligand in a fac arrangement dictated by the three strong-field CO ligands. Inhibition studies of human carbonic anhydrases (hCAs) showed that the Re sulfocoumarin derivatives were inactive against hCA-I, -II and -IV, but had moderate affinity for hCA-IX. The Re sulfonamides showed improved affinity against all tested hCAs, with [Re(CO)3 (L4)]- being the most active and selective for the hCA-IX isoform. The corresponding 99m Tc complexes were synthesized from fac-[99m Tc(CO)3 (H2 O)3 ]+ , purified by HPLC, and obtained with average 41-76% decay-corrected radiochemical yields and with >99% radiochemical purity. Uptake in HT-29 tumors at 1 h post-injection was highest for [99m Tc(CO)3 (L4)]- (0.14 ± 0.10%ID/g) in comparison to [99m Tc(CO)3 (L1)]+ (0.06 ± 0.01%ID/g), [99m Tc(CO)3 (L2)]- (0.03 ± 0.00%ID/g), and [99m Tc(CO)3 (L3)]+ (0.07 ± 0.03%ID/g). The uptake in tumors was further reduced at 4 h post-injection. For potential imaging application with single photon emission computed tomography, further optimization is needed to improve the affinity to hCA-IX and uptake in hCA-IX expressing tumors.