Smooth muscle-like Ca 2+ -regulation of actin-myosin interaction in adult jellyfish striated muscle.

Cnidaria is an animal phylum, whose members probably have the most ancestral musculature. We prepared and characterized, for the first time to our knowledge, native actomyosin from the striated myoepithelium of the adult moon jelly Aurelia sp. The actomyosin contained myosin, paramyosin-like protein, Ser/Thr-kinase, actin, and two isoforms of tropomyosin, but not troponin, which is known to activate contraction dependent on intracellular Ca2+ signaling in almost all striated muscles of bilaterians. Notably, the myosin comprised striated muscle-type heavy chain and smooth muscle-type regulatory light chains. In the presence of Ca2+ , the Mg-ATPase activity of actomyosin was stimulated and Ser21 of the regulatory light chain was concomitantly phosphorylated by the addition of calmodulin and myosin light chain kinase prepared from chicken smooth muscle. Collectively, these results suggest that, similar to smooth muscle, the contraction of jellyfish striated muscle is regulated by Ca2+ -dependent phosphorylation of the myosin light chain.