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Pharmacokinetics of High-Dose Propylene Glycol-Free Melphalan in Multiple Myeloma Patients Undergoing Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation.
Biology of Blood and Marrow Transplantation 2018 August
High-dose melphalan followed by autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) is standard of care for eligible patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Evomela (propylene glycol-free melphalan HCl [PG-Free Mel]; Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Irvine, CA) was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration as conditioning therapy for ASCT in MM in 2 daily 100-mg/m2 doses for a total dose of 200 mg/m2 . In this phase II, open-label study PG-Free Mel (Evomela) conditioning was given at single dose of 200 mg/m2 on day -2 pre-ASCT to establish pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters and safety. Twenty-four patients (median age, 64 years) were enrolled between August 2016 and February 2017. Myeloablation followed by successful neutrophil engraftment occurred at a median of 10 days in all patients. Peak melphalan concentration was observed at 10 minutes after infusion, whereas there was considerable variation in the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax ) and area under concentration time curve (AUC). Median Cmax was 7380 ng/mL (interquartile range [IQR], 6522 to 8027). Similarly, median AUC was 533,552 ng/mL∙min (IQR, 450,850 to 662,936). PG-Free Mel had an acceptable safety profile regardless of the exposure, with no mortality and an overall response rate of 96% and a very good partial response rate of 75%. In conclusion, although PG-Free Mel at a single dose of 200 mg/m2 was safe, considerable PK variability was observed with the highest quartile having an ~3-fold higher AUC than the first quartile, suggesting that strategies for higher targeted exposure could be explored in future trials to optimize clinical benefit.
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