[New endovesical chemotherapy drugs and application vehicles.]

Urothelial bladder cancer is a very prevalent disease. At the time of diagnosis 70-80% of the cases present as non muscle invasive tumors. These tumors present a high recurrence and progression rates despite intravesical treatment with Bacille Calmette-Guerin and mitomycin C. Moreover, bladder conditions such as its wall impermeability and the fact that intravesical drugs are constantly being diluted by urine and eliminated do not favor the efficacy of intravesical treatment. This review analyzes new intravesical drugs such as gemcitabine or taxanes with promising results as alternative to the usual treatments or after their failure. In the same way, we detail those application vehicles designed to increase the exposition of the drug to the bladder wall and its penetration into it. We emphasize drug releasing systems, albumin nanoparticles, liposomes, magnetic nanocarriers, polymers, thermosensible hydrogels and mucoadhesives such as chitosan.