Histologic characterization of cellular infiltration in autoimmune subepidermal bullous diseases in a tertiary hospital in Saudi Arabia.

Background: Autoimmune subepidermal bullous dermatoses have similar clinical features to those of a spectrum of immune reactants at the dermoepidermal junction (DEJ). It is difficult to obtain a precise diagnosis without an immunofluorescence assay because of their similar clinical presentations. The aim of this study was to describe the cellular cutaneous infiltration among autoimmune subepidermal bullous dermatoses.

Materials and methods: This retrospective analysis was conducted at a hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia using biopsy-based data collected from 65 patients.

Results: Spongiotic changes, neutrophils, and lymphocyte infiltrations in the epidermis differed among the subepidermal bullous diseases. The DEJ showed a difference in the extent of neutrophil infiltration. The dermis showed differences in perivascular lymphocytic infiltration, neutrophilic infiltration, eosinophilic infiltration, and dermal edema.

Conclusion: The dermal and DEJ showed most of the histopathologic changes in subepidermal autoimmune bullous dermatoses.