We have located links that may give you full text access.
Effects of warmed carrier fluid on nefopam injection-induced pain.
Korean Journal of Pain 2018 April
Background: Nefopam is a non-opioid, non-steroidal analgesic drug with fewer adverse effects than narcotic analgesics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and is widely used for postoperative pain control. Because nefopam sometimes causes side effects such as nausea, vomiting, somnolence, hyperhidrosis and injection-related pain, manufacturers are advised to infuse it slowly, over a duration of 15 minutes. Nevertheless, pain at the injection site is very common. Therefore, we investigated the effect of warmed carrier fluid on nefopam injection-induced pain.
Methods: A total of 48 patients were randomly selected and allocated to either a control or a warming group. Warming was performed by diluting 40 mg of nefopam in 100 ml of normal saline heated to 31-32℃ using two fluid warmers. The control group was administered 40 mg of nefopam dissolved in 100 ml of normal saline stored at room temperature (21-22℃) through the fluid warmers, but the fluid warmers were not activated.
Results: The pain intensity was lower in the warming group than in the control group ( P < 0.001). The pain severity and tolerance measurements also showed statistically significant differences between groups ( P < 0.001). In the analysis of vital signs before and after the injection, the mean blood pressure after the injection differed significantly between the groups ( P = 0.005), but the heart rate did not. The incidence of hypertension also showed a significant difference between groups ( P = 0.017).
Conclusions: Use of warmed carrier fluid for nefopam injection decreased injection-induced pain compared to mildly cool carrier fluid.
Methods: A total of 48 patients were randomly selected and allocated to either a control or a warming group. Warming was performed by diluting 40 mg of nefopam in 100 ml of normal saline heated to 31-32℃ using two fluid warmers. The control group was administered 40 mg of nefopam dissolved in 100 ml of normal saline stored at room temperature (21-22℃) through the fluid warmers, but the fluid warmers were not activated.
Results: The pain intensity was lower in the warming group than in the control group ( P < 0.001). The pain severity and tolerance measurements also showed statistically significant differences between groups ( P < 0.001). In the analysis of vital signs before and after the injection, the mean blood pressure after the injection differed significantly between the groups ( P = 0.005), but the heart rate did not. The incidence of hypertension also showed a significant difference between groups ( P = 0.017).
Conclusions: Use of warmed carrier fluid for nefopam injection decreased injection-induced pain compared to mildly cool carrier fluid.
Full text links
Related Resources
Get seemless 1-tap access through your institution/university
For the best experience, use the Read mobile app
All material on this website is protected by copyright, Copyright © 1994-2024 by WebMD LLC.
This website also contains material copyrighted by 3rd parties.
By using this service, you agree to our terms of use and privacy policy.
Your Privacy Choices
You can now claim free CME credits for this literature searchClaim now
Get seemless 1-tap access through your institution/university
For the best experience, use the Read mobile app